1	Basic Neuroanatomy
2	Overview Part I Meninges Vascular System Major Cortical Structures Cranial Nerves Part II Ventricular System Major Subcortical Structures
3	Part I Meninges Vascular System Major Cortical Structures Cranial Nerves
4	Meninges Major Functions: Outer Covering, CSF circulation, buoyancy of brain Three layers: Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater Membrane reflections: Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli Spaces: Subdural, subarachnoid Also important: superior sagittal sinus
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9	Vascular System Vertebral - basilar system: Vertebral arteries Basilar artery Posterior cerebral arteries Internal carotid system: Internal carotid Anterior cerebral arteries Middle cerebral arteries Circle of Willis: Anterior and posterior communicating arteries Connecting 3 major arteries Anastomosis Note cortical areas served by each cortical artery.
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13	Some Major Cortical Structures (Lateral) Cerebral Lobes (Cortices): Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula Fissures/sulci: lateral (Sylvius) Gyri: Precentral, postcentral
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15	Some Major Cortical Structures (Medial) Gyri: Cingulate gyrus Fissures/sulci: Longitudinal, calcarine Tracts Corpus callosum, anterior commissure Structures Diencephalon: Thalamus, hypothalamus Mesencephalon: Colliculi (superior, inferior), Metencephalon: Pons, Cerebellum Myelencephalon: Medulla
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17	Major Ventral Surface Structures Structures: Pituitary gland Circle of Willis (vascular) Brain stem Cranial nerves
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19	Cranial Nerves Name and function Location on brain stem Functional Groupings
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22	Cranial Nerves - some functional groupings Sensory: Olfactory (CN I), visual (CN II), vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) Gustatory: Facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X) Mixed motor and sensory: Trigeminal (CN V), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X) Eye musculature: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV), abducens (CN VI)
23	Cranial Nerves - cont. functional groupings Speech Motor: Trigeminal (CN V), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X), hypoglossal (CN XII). Primary motor (except eye): Accessory (CN XI), hypoglossal (CN XII) Parasympathetic: Oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)
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25	Part II Ventricular System Major Subcortical Structures
26	Ventricular System Lateral ventricles: Anterior horn, body, posterior horn, inferior horn Interventricular foramen Third ventricle Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius) Fourth ventricle: Median aperature (foramen of Magendie) Lateral aperatures (foramina of Luschka) Central canal (spinal cord) Subarachnoid space Arachnoid granulations Choroid plexus (choroid epithelium)
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31	Major Subcortical Structures Basal Ganglia Diencephalon
32	Basal Ganglia Part of Forebrain Terminology: “Basal Ganglia” includes all of the following - Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus (palidum) - external, internal Subthalamus Substantia nigra Subgroupings “Lenticular nucleus” = putamen + globus pallidus “Striatum” = caudate nucleus + putamen “Corpus striatum” = caudate n. + lenticular n. + internal capsule (cross-hatch of gray and white fibers)
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35	Diencephalon Epithalamus (includes the pineal gland - the “seat of the soul”) Hypothalamus Forms surface of the 3rd ventricle Infundibular stalk connects to pituitary gland Mammillary bodies Thalamus Many nuclei Several functional groups: Sensory, associative, nonspecific, subcortical (reticular) n.
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37	Summary We have introduced you to the following principle structures of the brain: Meninges Vascular System Major Cortical Structures Cranial Nerves Ventricular System Major Subcortical Structures You should be trying to learn the 3-D anatomy of the brain. Relating this to function will help make it easier to learn.